Research on Comprehensive Evaluation Methods for the Operational Performance of Heating and Cooling Energy Systems in Near-Zero Carbon Parks

Building an innovative multi-energy complementary integrated heating and cooling energy system is a key strategy for parks to achieve their “dual carbon” goals. Given the complexity of the current multi-energy complementary near-zero carbon park heating and cooling energy system architecture and the challenges in quantitatively evaluating system operational performance, this paper innovatively proposes a comprehensive evaluation method for the operational performance of park heating and cooling energy systems. This methodology develops a framework of evaluation indicators centered around three core dimensions: energy efficiency, carbon reduction benefits, and economic costs. These primary indicators are further delineated into four secondary indicators, with detailed calculation methods provided for each indicator value. To validate the comprehensive evaluation method, we selected five representative cooling and heating energy system solutions based on actual project cases for in-depth analysis and comprehensive assessment of their comprehensive performance. The research results demonstrate that the evaluation methodology is effective in delivering a quantitative assessment of system performance across various configurations and operational strategies for heating and cooling sources. Furthermore, it offers a basis for optimal scheme selection and operational strategy optimization for heating and cooling energy systems in near-zero carbon parks.