A Study on the relationship between modal endings and modal multiword expressions in Korean: From the perspective of the modality metaphor of systemic functional linguistics

Objectives The purpose of this article is to explain the relationship between endings(or adverbs) and multiword expressions that realize modality in Korean by using grammatical metaphors(modality metaphors) from systemic functional linguistics. Methods To achieve this goal, we selected 46 multiword expressions that realize the discourse meaning of the four modality types(probability, usuality, inclination, obligation) according to SFL's definition of modality, and examined whether they are metaphorical expressions of modality or congruent expressions of modality according to the criteria for examining modality metaphors. Results As a result, it was confirmed that modal multiword expressions are classified into metaphorical expressions of modality (Type I) and congruent expressions of modality (Type II). And it was also found that the metaphorical expression showed the feedback effect mentioned by Ravelli (1988, 1999) that the meaning of the modality was more detailed. First, the metaphorical expression of modality (Type I) included multiword expression of probability modality (23), multiword expression of usuality modality (3), and multiword expression of inclination modality (12). They showed a reflective effect in which a specific meaning was added to the shared meaning discourse with congruent expression, or the shared meaning discourse with congruent expression was adjusted, and a specific meaning was added. Second, the congruent expression of modality (Type II) included multiword expressions of obligatory modality (8). This is because there is no congruent expression that shares the meaning of the discourse. Conclusions The results of the above study show that words in the Korean language can be formed not only by morphological word formation, but also by grammatical metaphors. By using grammatical metaphors, it is expected that multiword expressions that realize other grammatical functions other than modality can be explained within the scope of ideational, interpersonal, and textual metaphors.