OVERVIEW OF APPLICATION OF BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY IN TRANSPORT

The article provides an overview of the literature on the application of blockchain technology and information technologies, in transport and logistics. The main goal was to identify current research trends, major gaps in the literature, and possible future challenges. General and transport problems arising in the application of blockchain technology were systematized. An in-depth analysis was also conducted of the most influential publications in the following areas: supply chains and logistics, traffic management and smart cities. The most important takeaway is that blockchain technology is still in its early stages of development. However, it is extremely promising for potential applications in many areas of transportation and logistics, such as supply chain tracking, regulatory compliance, intelligent vehicle safety, and supply and demand coordination. In recent years, several models of road traffic, management of the choice of routes by users have been theoretically developed. However, very few of them are implemented in real conditions. In addition, the relationship between blockchain and sustainable development and the potential applications of blockchain technologies as a result of the convergence of such services as the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, 5G and distributed intelligent objects were explored. It showed that this technology can become a trigger for reducing exhaust gas emissions, contributing to the proper development of cities and improving the quality of life. But as of today, there are many obstacles to blockchain adoption in the transportation and logistics sector. These include lack of knowledge and experience, financial constraints such as technology immaturity, hesitancy to adopt blockchain technology due to negative public perception, cultural differences of supply chain partners, and lack of public policy and insufficient involvement of external stakeholders. Other significant limitations are the reluctance of chain participants to share information, limitations on the number of transactions per unit of time, i.e. productivity optimization and scalability issues, and regulatory uncertainty. Therefore, a lot of effort needs to be made to make blockchain technology practical in transportation systems