HISTÓRIA, “DETERMINAÇÃO DO FATOR ECONÔMICO” E MÉTODO A PARTIR DE MARX

The present article aims to present the concept of history and the debate on the "determination of the economic factor" from the perspective of Marx and Engels, relating them to each other and establishing their importance in constructing a research method based on the social theory founded by the two authors. To this end, it explores the understanding of the ontology of social being and the social structures of class societies, arguing that the categories of alienation, commodity fetishism, and reification are crucial for understanding the relationship between human praxis and the social structures of societies divided into social classes. Thus, these categories serve as an indispensable heuristic key to avoid structuralist or overly simplistic readings of reality. The methodology adopted is a literature review based on research on the subject.