Radioprotective Effects of Folic Acid on Hematological Parameters and Bone Marrow Histology in Male Rabbits Exposed to X-Ray Irradiation

Ionizing radiation is known to induce significant damage to the hematopoietic system, primarily compromising bone marrow function. Folic acid plays a crucial role as a cofactor in one-carbon metabolism and various cellular processes, including DNA synthesis and repair. This study examines the potential radioprotective effects of folic acid on hematological parameters and bone marrow histology in male rabbits subjected to X-ray irradiation. The experimental design included four groups: (1) Control, (2) Folic acid supplementation, (3) X-ray exposure, and (4) Combined folic acid supplementation and X-ray exposure. Hematological analysis demonstrated a significant decline in white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), and platelet (PLT) counts following X-ray exposure, indicating radiation-induced hematopoietic suppression. Notably, folic acid supplementation partially restored these parameters, suggesting its role in promoting hematopoietic recovery. Additionally, histological examination of bone marrow revealed increased cellularity in folic acid-treated groups, further supporting its protective effects against radiation-induced myelosuppression. These findings indicate that folic acid supplementation may attenuate the adverse hematopoietic effects of ionizing radiation, underscoring its potential as a radioprotective agent.