Integrated Energy Model for Carbon Neutral Agriculture: Utilizing Waste Heat and Renewable Energy

This study proposes an integrated energy model to achieve carbon neutrality in agriculture by leveraging industrial waste heat, renewable energy sources (solar and wind), and energy storage systems (ESS). The model is designed to address limitations in existing approaches, such as reliance on single energy sources and high costs, by integrating multiple renewable energy sources and industrial waste heat. To ensure realistic outcomes, the model incorporates actual power plant waste heat data, one year of climate data, and renewable energy specifications, alongside agricultural energy demand patterns based on strawberry smart farm guidelines. Simulations were conducted in three Korean regions (Gangneung, Taean, and Hadong), which represent agricultural or industrial zones near power plants. Results demonstrate significant energy savings and carbon reductions, with annual savings averaging 2,772,972.98 kWh and emission reductions totaling 1,386,486.49 kg. By using waste heat for heating and cooling energy demands, and renewable energy for irrigation and ventilation, the model efficiently replaces fossil fuel-based energy. Additionally, surplus renewable energy is assumed to be supplied to the grid, further enhancing carbon reductions. This model’s scalability and adaptability extend beyond agriculture, enabling potential applications in urban district heating systems and smart energy cities. Limitations, including infrastructure and legal barriers, are acknowledged, but this simulation-based approach provides a robust framework for decision-making and policy development in carbon-neutral energy systems.