Bending Analysis of Wearable Dual-Ring Circular Patch Antenna for Sub-6 GHz 5G Applications

This study focuses on the performance evaluation of a compact wearable antenna designed specifically for 5G communication applications under varying bending conditions. The proposed antenna, with dimensions of 55 × 46 × 0.4 mm<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup>, incorporates a slotted dual-ring circular patch as the primary radiating element, constructed on a polyester-based wearable substrate with partial ground plane on the reverse side. Given its wearable nature, the antenna is susceptible to deformation caused by user movement and the contours of the human body. To ensure reliable operation, it is crucial to analyze its performance under different bending scenarios. This research systematically investigates the antenna's performance metrics by subjecting it to varying bending radii, thereby assessing its capability to maintain functional integrity and efficiency as a wearable device in real-world conditions.