Empirical Evaluation of the Two-Ray Model for mmWave Overwater Communication

Understanding and characterizing millimeter wave (mmWave) communication in real-world scenarios is crucial to design reliable communication systems for Internet of Things (IoT) applications, including autonomous vessel’s remote operation. To this aim, this research provides an empirical evaluation of large-scale fading for vessel-to-shore communication at 28 GHz. Specifically, we experimentally assess the path loss (PL) performance of short-range Line-of-Sight (LoS) links with low antenna heights. The measurements show trends that match well with the two-ray model PL predictions, yielding a root mean square error (RMSE) of 2.56 dB in the 10-100 m range.