Novel Technique for Radiation Efficiency Enhancement of Fractal Antennas

Fractality is a well stablished method for antenna miniaturization with a myriad of papers covering fractals, quasi fractals, implementations and so. Even though, they find fewer practical applications due to its downgrade on the radiation efficiency when compared to the base form in which the fractal is applied. In this paper, we cover a "smoothing" technique to optimize the radiation efficiency of a 3.5 GHz 2<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">nd</sup> Order Square Fractal. When compared to the fractal one, the smoothed fractal radiation efficiency is enhanced by 3% absolute, and the max gain goes from 4.92dB to 5.18dB. Moreover, the smoothed fractal antenna occupies the same effective area of the unsmoothed version and is 48% smaller than the base one. More optimizations can be done for higher improvement of the fractal antenna.