Applicability of HF-Band Phantom for Evaluating Dual-Mode Wearable Patch Antenna

This study explores the validity of using an HF-band phantom to evaluate a dual-mode wearable patch antenna designed for 21 MHz human body communication (HBC) and 2.4 GHz narrowband wireless communication (NBWC). The proposed antenna integrates HBC and NBWC modes for on-body and off-body communications. Due to safety and reproducibility concerns, a multilayered phantom was developed to mimic the electrical properties of human tissues at 21 MHz. Through electromagnetic field simulations, we demonstrate that the phantom also offers sufficient accuracy for evaluating the antenna’s performance at 2.4 GHz, validating its utility for dual-mode evaluations.