Modified Koch Fractal Antenna for IoT Applications in Smart Homes

This paper presents the design of a microstrip antenna for IoT (Internet of Things) applications in Smart Homes, incorporating fractal geometry and a defected ground structure (DGS) to enhance the antenna’s bandwidth and gain, respectively. The proposed design is based on the Koch fractal and a cross-shaped slot for the DGS. The operating frequency is 5.8 GHz. The antenna was simulated using Ansys HFSS, and experimentally validated with measurements of a manufactured prototype on a PCB substrate. Results show a bandwidth of 127.30 MHz, return loss of -39.12 dB, gain of 12.85 dBi, efficiency of 0.78, and directivity of 16.44 dBi.