A Semi-Micro Extraction Spectrophotometric Determination of Iron Using 4-Nitrocatechol and Xylometazoline Hydrochloride
A chromogenic solvent extraction system for Fe(III) based on 4-nitrocatechol (4NC) and xylometazoline hydrochloride (XMH) was investigated. The optimum conditions for extraction spectrophotometric determination of iron were found. Under these conditions, the formula of the extracted complex was (XMH<sup>+</sup>)<sub>3</sub>[Fe(4NC)<sub>3</sub>] and the apparent molar absorption coefficient at <i>λ</i><sub>max</sub> = 464 nm was 1.9 × 10<sup>5</sup> dm<sup>3</sup> mol<sup>-1</sup> cm<sup>-1</sup> (4-fold enrichment). To validate the aforementioned formula and gather information about the spin state of the central Fe(III) ion, a combined experimental-theoretical approach was employed. This approach entailed the experimental determination of the 4NC:Fe and XMH:Fe molar ratios and the optimization of potential color-bearing structures utilizing the B3LYP/6-311G computational chemistry method. The effect of foreign ions was thoroughly examined, and a sensitive, simple, and inexpensive analytical procedure was proposed, which was successfully applied for determining iron in pharmaceutical and industrial samples.
Authors
- Petya Vassileva Racheva (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3941-2072)
- Ivanka Pencheva (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8974-1694)
- Kiril Blazhev Gavazov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1360-8977)
- Kirila Stojnova (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2550-4339)
- Vidka Divarova (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1023-0235)
- Antoaneta D. Saravanska (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3040-0481)
- Nikolina Milcheva (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6508-4132)
- Denitsa Kiradzhiyska (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5196-7885)
- Galya K. Toncheva (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8022-2516)
- Vassil Borisov Delchev (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8305-413X)
Institutions
- Plovdiv University (BG)
- Medical University Plovdiv (BG)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Molecules
- Published
- 2025-02-15
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30040899
- Citations
- 2
- Primary Topic
- Electrochemical Analysis and Applications
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 1.03