Visio-spatial intelligence skills in non-athletes versus amateur boxers

VSS differ between amateur boxers and non-athletes, indicating the importance of these skills for athletic performance. These findings emphasize the potential advantages of boxing training in enhancing VSS, which could impact athletic training and performance-enhancement strategies. This underscores the value of integrating visio-spatial training into athletic programs. The observed superiority of boxers in specific VSS areas has broad implications for theories of sports vision, the selection of appropriate tests, and the development of sport-specific VSS testing protocols. Further longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes are required to verify these findings and assess changes in these skills over time.