Mitigating Water Shortages and Enhancing Food Security through Crop Optimization: Insights from the Eastern Nile Delta

Aim of the study This provides insight into the current and future water situation in the East Nile Delta in Egypt. Additionally, the study aimed to identify gaps in knowledge that require further research and to illustrate the different types of models used to optimize water resources management and maintain food security. Material and methods The study analyzed the status of water resources availability, water demand, and other influencing factors in the East Nile Delta. To address water scarcity, the study employed optimization models, specifically using linear optimization programming. This model was applied to the Eastern Delta area, focusing on the region supplied by the Ismailia Canal. The model aimed to balance the limited supply of freshwater with the increasing demand by proposing changes in cropping patterns. Results and conclusions The study found that the best way to secure water supply and minimize water scarcity is by using optimization models. In the Eastern Delta, the area supplied by the Ismailia Canal had a water deficit of about 789.81 MCM. By changing the cropping patterns, the water deficit could be reduced. The results indicated a decrease in the cultivation of non-strategic crops such as onions, garlic, fruit trees, peanuts, sesame, and soybeans. Conversely, there was an increase in the cultivation of strategic crops such as wheat, cotton, maize, and corn, as well as crops with high net yields like tomatoes and potatoes. These changes would help balance water demand and supply, ensuring a more sustainable water management strategy for the future.