Health perceptions of older individuals on the cognitive benefits of a multicomponent green physical activity program: A qualitative exploration in the Southwest Region of Bahia, Brazil

A multicomponent exercise program (MEP) is a tailored, physical activity-based intervention that incorporates several exercise modalities to improve physical function and reduce negative health consequences, such as cognitive decline. The program incorporates green exercise (MEP-G), which is a low-cost, outdoor activity that fosters both physical and mental health benefits. The aim of this study was to explore older individuals’ perceptions regarding the effectiveness of a MEP-G on their cognitive and mental health status. This qualitative intervention study targeted individuals aged ≥60 years, physically independent, and not previously engaged in physical exercise programs, registered in the National Family Health Strategy Program in Jequié, Southwest Bahia, Brazil. A total of 14 participants were analyzed through random sampling after systematic allocation into two groups: the MEP-G and the Theoretical Behavioral Change Program (BCP). Post-intervention interviews were conducted using the focus group technique, guided by a structured question script. Data were analyzed using Bardin's content analysis method, with IRAMUTEQ software for data processing and analysis. The analysis revealed six main themes: (1) "Role of Socialization in Older Individuals' Health Context," (2) "Positive Effects of Guided Programs on Functional Capacity," (3) "Relationship Between Healthy Habits and Successful Aging," (4) "Physical Exercise as an Effective Non-Pharmacological Treatment for Mental Health," (5) "Adherence to a More Active Lifestyle," and (6) "Negative Effects of a Sedentary Lifestyle on Mental Health. The findings highlighted that the MEP-G, potentially integrated into the BCP program, contributed to improvements in participants' subjective perceptions of functional autonomy and mental health. The program demonstrated its potential as an effective, low-cost, short-term intervention to promote an active lifestyle and enhance health outcomes in older adults, with the capacity for large-scale implementation. • Participants reported enhanced physical and mental well-being through the program. • The intervention fostered social bonds and strengthened ties with healthcare services. • Motivational factors were key in promoting adherence to a more active lifestyle among older adults.