Optimizing Leflunomide Embedded Microsponge Gel for Effective Topical Application

Background Rheumatoid arthritis causes chronic joint pain and inflammation, significantly impacting quality of life. Current treatments are limited, with oral Leflunomide commonly used. However, prolonged oral administration can lead to severe liver toxicity, posing substantial health risks. To mitigate these adverse effects, a novel targeted drug delivery system is proposed. Materials and Methods This research focuses on developing a Microsponge-based gel formulation for leflunomide, aiming to enhance localized drug delivery directly to the affected joints. A 3² full factorial design was employed to optimize and characterize the Microsponge for various parameters, including particle size, entrapment efficiency, and surface morphology. Following optimization, the microsponge was incorporated into a gel formulation. Developed gel was subsequently evaluated based on several parameters. Results and Discussion The pH and viscosity were adjusted to ensure skin compatibility and ease of application. Drug content uniformity was verified to ensure consistent dosing. The optimized gel formulation demonstrated a diffusion-controlled drug release profile up to 6 hr, thereby ensuring prolonged therapeutic effect. Conclusion This innovative approach seeks to alleviate pain and inflammation while minimizing systemic toxicity, potentially offering a safer and more effective treatment option for rheumatoid arthritis patients.