The role of omega-3 fatty acids in sports nutrition: an overview

This article examines the impact of omega-3 fatty acids (O3FAs), specifically eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), on athletic performance, recovery, and injury prevention. The literature review suggests that O3FAs may improve muscular endurance, cardiovascular capacity, and reduce muscle inflammation and pain, contributing to post-exercise recovery. In addition, preliminary evidence points to potential benefits in protecting the respiratory system and preventing traumatic brain injury. However, the effectiveness of O3FA supplementation depends on factors such as dose, duration and individual responses. Measurement of the Omega-3 Index may be a useful tool to guide customization of supplementation, with the goal of optimizing the performance and health of athletes. Further studies are needed to establish evidence-based supplementation protocols specifically tailored to athletes’ needs.