Dillenia species: Insight into Managing Neurodegenerative Diseases

For thousands of years, various species of Dillenia have been used as a common herbal remedy in traditional medicine. Dillenia has been prized for its therapeutic properties, including microbial infections, gastrointestinal disorders, fever, headaches, diabetes, tumors, and cardiovascular issues. The genus is also known for its neuroprotective, anti-cholinesterase, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. The present review aims to compile the available evidence on the medicinal plants of the Dillenia genus specifically D. bracteata Wight, D. indica L., D. pentagyna Roxb., and D. suffruticosa Griffith Ex. Hook. F. & Thomsom Martelli, with a focus on their phytochemical properties in treating and preventing neurodegenerative disorders. Literature indicates Dillenia significant role in herbal therapy, with many phytoconstituents, primarily terpenoids and flavonoids. Recent pharmacological studies suggest its crucial role in traditional medicine and promising potential through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. This review highlights Dillenia pharmacological effects on neurodegenerative diseases. According to the literature, the active terpenoids and flavonoids in Dillenia are primarily responsible for its therapeutic actions. Comprehensive research on the genus's pharmacokinetics, metabolism, medication interactions, and mechanisms of action, however, is lacking. Therefore, extensive research and evaluation are needed to fully understand the potential of Dillenia in modern medicine.