Augmenting the activity of curcumin nanoform with laser as anti-cancer against lung cell line (A549)

Curcumin was prepared in the form of nanoparticles (CNP) using a modified technique of homogenization in an Alginate and Tween 20 (T20) matrix. The natural capsulated in nanoform was proved through TEM images which showed spherical micelles between 7 and 42 nm diameter. Using HPLC-Mass spectrum for bulk comparing to curcumin nanoform found some metabolites as; curcumin (CuR), glucuronide (COG) and curcumin sulfate (COS). On the other hand, enhancement of curcumin anticancer activity was discovered using laser irradiation in unique technology. UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy showed structure stability for laser irradiated CNP. Cytotoxicity and cell viability were measured using Sulphorhodamine-B (SRB) test. Antitumor activity of curcumin screened by measurement of survival fraction SF% of lung cancer cell line (A549) in vitro using Elisa method. CNP concentration was in range of (2.5 - 20 µg/ml). Concentration of curcumin nanocapsules inhibits proliferation of cells by 50% (IC50) as compared to the untreated control cells was (11.9 ug/l). samples at different curcumin concentration were irradiated using CW, DPSS laser 532 nm, 75J/cm2 at spot size 1cm2 for 15 min. IC50 measurements in the presence of laser irradiation was (8.3 ug/L) which means enhancement of cytotoxic activity by 30%. The capacity of these novel promising curcumin nanocapsules to cause apoptosis was assessed through apoptotic-related key gene (caspase3) expression using real-time RT-PCR, and b-actin as a housekeeping gene. Caspase3 folding activation increased by (4.9 folds) in the presence of CNP treated cell lines, and further increase to (7.4 folds) for CNP laser irradiated cells. This work demonstrates that curcumin nano-capsules created using a novel mechanical process combined with laser irradiation can be utilized successfully as an anticancer drug