Acetylcholine Esterase Inhibition in Alzheimer's Therapy: Spotlight on Quinzolinone Derivatives

As the most prevalent type of dementia with a high rate of mortality and disability, Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses serious and growing global issues. Its etiology is complex, serious and multifaceted, resulting from a confluence of environmental, genetic, and age variables. The cholinergic, amyloid, tau protein, oxidative stress, and inflammatory hypotheses are some of the theories that now underlie our understanding of AD pathology. However, more clarification and verification are needed to identify the main reasons causing AD and to understand how these clinical features interact. The cholinergic hypothesis states that Alzheimer's disease impairs the brain's cholinergic function, which results in decreased levels of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) in the cortical and hippocampus areas. Thus, ACh level elevation is one of the main goals of current pharmaco-therapeutic strategies for decreasing progression of AD. Based on the aforementioned findings, this article provides an overview of the latest progress in the development of powerful novel AChE inhibitors.