Mystery Behind COVID-19 and Autoimmune Diseases

Background: Viruses cause autoimmunity using several mechanisms such as molecular mimicry, bystander activation of T cells, transient immunosuppression, and inflammation. Objective: To understand the link between Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), autoimmunity and hyperstimulation of the immune system which is still an unknown mystery. Methodology: We reviewed many research articles about the mechanisms used by SARS-CoV-2 to induce autoimmunity. We tried to explain in detail these mechanisms including molecular mimicry, the role of innate immunity, the role of adaptive immunity and autoantibodies detected in patients with COVID-19. Also, giving insights into similarities in immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 and autoimmune diseases, listing autoimmune diseases associated with COVID-19, clarifying the impact of covid-19 on pre-existing autoimmune diseases and finally presenting some therapeutic strategies & future prospectives for this disease. Conclusion: Autoimmune diseases are serious complications induced by SARS-CoV-2, which need more understanding by researchers to help develop appropriate treatment.