Gross Anatomical and radio-graphical study on the venous drainage of the pelvic limb in geese (Anser Anser domesticus) with special reference to the renal portal circulation

The study of the venous drainage of the pelvic limb was carried out on thirty adult, 21 healthy Egyptian native geese. The study of venous drainage of the pelvis was done by routine methods 24 of colored latex injection as well as radiographs of the renal portal valve. The current study revealed that the venous blood of the pelvic limb is drained mostly through the external iliac vein, while a small proportion is drained by the ischiatic vein. The femoral vein communicates with the reduced segment of the ischiatic vein, in the proximal fourth of the femur, to furnish the ischio-femoral anastomosis. The latter anastomosis diverts most of the venous blood returning through the ischiatic vein to the external iliac vein. The basic feature of the goose`s kidney is the presence of the renal portal system, controlled by a renal portal valve. The radiographic examinations of the renal portal valve verified the loss of its effective functional role in controlling the course of the venous blood flow from the external iliac vein to the kidney through the cranial and caudal renal portal veins, which in turn had an impact on the circulation of intramuscular injectable preparations in the thigh muscular mass. The results obtained were discussed with the work of other authors in geese and other domestic and wild birds.