Experimental study and CFD analysis of Thermal performance improvement of car radiator by MgO/water nanofluid.

This study aims to enhance the thermal efficiency of a cross-flow car radiator by utilizing an innovative coolant—Mg O/water nanofluid. Conventional engine cooling systems primarily rely on water or ethylene glycol-based fluids; however, nano-fluids have emerged as a promising alternative due to their superior heat transfer properties. This research experimentally investigates the thermophysical characteristics of Mg O/water nano-fluid, including density, thermal conductivity, dynamic viscosity, and specific heat capacity. The study was conducted under controlled conditions, maintaining a flow rate between 5 and 9 LPM. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in heat transfer performance, with an enhancement ranging from 40% to 70% depending on the nano-fluid concentration. To further validate these findings, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were employed to analysis temperature distribution across the radiator. The experimental and numerical results confirm the potential of Mg O/water nano-fluid as an efficient coolant for automotive thermal management systems.