Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices, and Risk Factors Related to Breast and Cervical Cancer Among Female Medical Students in Comilla, Bangladesh

Background: Breast and cervical cancers are significant public health concerns worldwide, especially in developing countries like Bangladesh. Early detection through routine screening can greatly improve outcomes, yet screening uptake remains low, even among medical professionals who play a key role in cancer prevention. Understanding the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of medical students toward cancer screening is crucial to addressing these gaps. Objective: This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding breast and cervical cancer screening, explore risk factors, and identify barriers to screening among female medical students in Comilla, Bangladesh. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to September 2024 in Cumilla, Bangladesh. Data were collected from 300 female medical students of 3rd to 5th year MBBS across three medical colleges: Cumilla Medical College, Cumilla Central Medical College, and Cumilla Eastern Medical College. A structured questionnaire was used to assess their knowledge, attitudes, practices, and barriers to breast and cervical cancer screening. Statistical analyses, including chi-square tests and p-values, were applied to identify significant associations. Results: The study found that 83.3% (n=250) of students were aware of mammograms, 73.3% (n=220) knew about Pap smears, and 60% (n=180) were familiar with HPV testing. However, only 33.3% (n=100) had undergone any form of cancer screening. Fear of screening results (60%, n=180), cost (50%, n=150), and lack of awareness about screening facilities (40%, n=120) were the major barriers. Positive attitudes towards screening were noted, with 86.7% (n=260) of students participating in awareness programs. Conclusion: While knowledge about cancer screening among female medical students is high, their screening practices remain inadequate. Addressing barriers such as fear, cost, and awareness is crucial for improving cancer prevention efforts.