Agroforestry adoption in Dharwad district, Karnataka: Insights into farmer perspectives, challenges and driving forces

This study delves into the adoption of agroforestry in Dharwad district, Karnataka, against the backdrop of India's agricultural significance and the challenges it faces in the 21st century. A semi-structured survey was conducted in the year 2022-23, spanning three agroclimatic zones sought to gauge farmer perceptions, constraints, and the motivating factors behind agroforestry adoption. Utilizing a Likert scale and expressing results as Weighted Mean Scores (WMS), the research reveals that farmers perceive agroforestry as a versatile solution, offering benefits such as timber, fuelwood, and income diversification. The study also acknowledges the role of agroforestry in climate mitigation and long-term gains, tempered by concerns related to the legal aspects of tree harvesting. Constraints vary across zones, with legal policies (WMS = 3.19) and small landholdings (WMS = 3.01) emerging as primary obstacles. On the other hand, motivational factors encompass a wide array of agroforestry benefits, including soil fertility enhancement (WMS = 3.76) and income increase through diversification (WMS = 3.63). This research underscores the persistent challenges to agroforestry adoption and highlights the importance of addressing legal complexities while leveraging intrinsic motivations for successful integration. Ultimately, this can pave the way for sustainable agriculture and improved livelihoods. The findings underscore the intricate interplay of perceptions, constraints, and motivations shaping agroforestry dynamics in the region.