Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm: Quorum sensing and mechanisms of multidrug resistance

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa lives and develops sessile colonies in a variety of biotic and abiotic settings, which are resistant to antibiotics called biofilm. P. aeruginosa biofilm formation leads to most of the chronic wound and lung infections along with other hospital acquired infections in human. The strong antimicrobial resistance of the biofilm and the ever-changing environmental conditions cause these diseases to persist. As per literature search, up to 80% of human microbial infections are biofilm-associated. Knowing the mechanism underlying biofilm formation can aid in the development of treatments specifically targeted at the molecular markers that cause this process. Biofilm formation is one of its major survival strategies of P. aeruginosa, which threatens to render presently available antibiotics obsolete, with inadequate options for the development of new antibiotics. Understanding the molecular dynamics of P. aeruginosa biofilm is crucial for the development of more effective treatments for biofilm- associated infections. Additionally, the quorum sensing also play a crucial role in regulating biofilm formation and resistance, which influences the expression of virulence factors and biofilm matrix components. The aim of this study was to discuss the formation of P. aeruginosa biofilm, its life cycle and to assess the interplay of quorum sensing, biofilm, efflux pumps in enhancing multidrug resistance of P. aeruginosa.