Evaluation the diagnostic and prognostic value of PCA3, PSA, IL-6 and TNF-α in prostate cancer and benign prostate hyperplasia

Background: Prostate cancer detection relies on blood Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) levels, prostate cancer antigen (PCA3) potentially more accurate in this topic. some cytokines may have role in disease progression. Aim: To evaluate the role of PCA3 in detection of prostate cancer and its correlation with the progression of the disease, along with assessing the relationship between IL-6 and TNF-α levels and prostate cancer progression. Materials and methods: The study involved 90 participants, PSA, PCA3, IL-6, and TNF-α were analyzed using ELISA techniques using kit from Sun Long Biotech Company. Results: The PSA level in prostate cancer patients (Pc) was (5.36 ± 1.97), in prostate benign hyperplasia (PBH) was (3.62 ± 1.25) and in healthy individuals (2.83 ± 0.965). The mean of PCA3 level was (36.02 ± 10.55), (27.83 ± 6.05), and (18.55 ± 5.30) in the PC, PBH, and healthy groups, respectively.The mean of IL-6 level in PC patients was (60.87 ± 18.83), while in the BPH patients was (45.56 ± 16.28) and in the healthy group (24.32 ± 7.80), the level of TNF-α in PC was (246.36 ± 106.76), in BPH was (162.17 ± 83.31), and in healthy group was (78.30 ± 39.85). For all biomarkers, there are significant differences between three groups as indicated by the p value (0.0001). PCA3 and TNF-α show high specificity (91% and 93%, respectively) in patients. Conclusion: The study reveals that PCA3 is more effective in detecting prostate cancer than PSA, and IL-6 and TNF-α may be linked to prostate cancer progression.