Characteristics of Mg-based cathode materials with different doping element concentrations

Mg batteries are one of several new battery technologies that have a potential to replace lithium-based batteries in the future due to its advantages such as low cost, environmentally friendly and improved safety. However, the development of Mg batteries has been greatly hindered by the sluggish Mg ions migration kinetics in the solid state. In this work, self-propagating combustion was used to produce Ca-doped MgMn 2 O 4 based cathode materials with two distinct Ca compositions: MgMn 2-x Ca x O 4 (x ​= ​0.1, 0.2, 0.3) and MgMn 2-y Ca y O 4 (y ​= ​0.01, 0.02, 0.03) at annealing temperature of 800 ​°C. The structural properties have been characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The elemental distribution was determined using Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. The electrochemical performances were also been evaluated by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The galvanostatic charge/discharge of Mg ion cells using 1 ​M of magnesium trifluoromethanesulfonate (Mg (CF 3 SO 3 ) 2 ) in 1:1 volume of ethylene carbonate (EC) and 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) has been performed. The charge-discharge results demonstrated the cathode with a low Ca composition, MgMn 1.97 Ca 0.03 O 4 , had delivered the highest capacity of 144 mAh g −1 . Schematic diagram on two difference composition for Ca-doped MgMn 2 O 4 (x ​= ​0.3 & y ​= ​0.03) by using self-propagating combustion method. • The novel material of Ca-doped magnesium-based cathode material, was prepared using self-propagating combustion method for magnesium ion battery application. • MgMn 2-y Ca y O 4 (y ​= ​0.01, 0.02, 0.03) samples have cubic structure with F space group. • The discharge capacity of Ca-low electrode composition, MgMn 1.97 Ca 0.03 O 4 obtained higher capacity than undoped-MgMn 2 O 4 and other compositions of doped samples.