Resistance of sunflower crops to harmful objects when using growth-stimulating bioproducts in their crops

Sunflower is one of the most popular crops in the world, and its sown areas are growing rapidly in all countries of the world.Sunflower is one of the most common crops in the structure of sown areas in Ukraine.Thus, over the past two decades, the sown areas under sunflower have increased fourfold, and the total harvest has increased tenfold.Today, there is a wide range of biological products that can be used in sunflower cultivation to increase yield by reducing costs and improving the ecological condition of the crop.An experimental field study to study the impact of different fertilization regimes on the spread of diseases and weeds in sunflower crops was conducted from 2022 to 2024 at the experimental plots of the Scientific Research Farm Agronomichne of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, located in the village of Agronomichne, Vinnytsia region.It was found that the most common diseases in sunflower crops were white rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), gray rot (Botrytis cinerea), Phomosis (Photma oleracea) and Alternaria alternata (Alternaria alternata).The greatest damage to the sunflower crop was caused by white rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) in unfertilized control variants, where 50% of the plants were affected.The proportion of sunflowers affected by white rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) varied depending on the fertilizer application.In particular, the greatest damage was detected when applying N 60 -35%, which is 15% less than in the control variant.The greatest proportion of sunflowers affected by white rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) was detected in the variant N 30 + Bionorm nitrogen (32%), as well as in the variants Bionorm nitrogen and Bionorm nitrogen + Bionorm phosphorus -30% respectively.The lowest percentage of sunflowers affected by white rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) was observed when Bionorm Phosphorus and P30 + Bionorm Phosphorus were applied -10% each.The results of the survey show that the weed infestation of sunflower crops ranged from strong to medium.Thus, the variants of the experiment with fertilizer N 60 , N 60 P 60 K 60 , Bionorm Nitrogen and the variant without fertilizer (control) had strong weed infestation (score 3), and the remaining variants had a medium degree (score 2).Fertilizing sunflower crops with the biological preparation Bionorm Phosphorus allows to significantly reduce the spread of diseases in its crops.Bionorm Phosphorus exhibits a powerful preventive fungicidal effect.The greatest damage to sunflower diseases is observed in the absence of fertilizers and when mineral nitrogen N 30 is applied.In the phase of the 8th leaf of sunflower, depending on the fertilizer, 5 types of weeds were detected in its crops: gray mouse grass (Setaria spp), white quinoa (Chenopodium spp), common buckwheat (Capsella bursa-pastoris L., Capsella hyrcana grosch.),common amaranth (Amaranthus retroflexus) and field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis).In this phase, the options with mineral phosphorus fertilizer P 60 had the fewest weeds -20 pcs./m 2 , Bionorm nitrogen + Bionorm phosphorus and N 30 + Bionorm nitrogen -25 pcs./m 2 each.The most weedy option was the option without fertilizer -133 pcs./m 2 .Subsequently, the number of weeds in crops decreases the most on the options with fertilizer N 60 -by 73%, N 60 P 60 K 60 -by 53%.