Hydrogen-diesel and ammonia-diesel as fuels for future diesel engines

The search for fossil fuels substitutes has led to the increased use of carbon-free fuels. These include ammonia and hydrogen. However, independent combustion of these fuels is quite troublesome due to their physicochemical properties or requiring significant changes in the design of the combustion engine used in heavy-duty vehicles. Such designs are used in rail vehicles and other means of heavy transport. These are usually compression-ignition engines with appropriate modifications. Therefore, the article presents solutions for co-combustion of hydrogen and ammonia fuels along with typical diesel fuel. Solutions enabling co-combustion of these fuels bring various benefits, but also present some limitations. For this reason, solutions that show potential benefits in co-combustion of ammonia and hydrogen with diesel fuel have been discussed and presented.