Waste Disposal Methods and River Contamination Levels in Mexico

Purpose: The purpose of this article was to investigate waste disposal methods and river contamination levels in Mexico. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: Recent studies in Mexico reveal that inefficient waste disposal such as poorly regulated landfills and uncontrolled incineration significantly raises pollutant levels in rivers, with high concentrations of nitrates, phosphates, and heavy metals. In contrast, areas with integrated waste management systems and modern treatment facilities exhibit much lower contamination, underscoring the urgent need for policy reforms, technological improvements, and enhanced environmental education. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Ecological modernization theory, social-ecological systems theory & institutional theory may be used to anchor future studies on the investigate waste disposal methods and river contamination levels in Mexico. Pilot projects that test innovative landfill designs, improved incineration residue management, and cutting-edge wastewater treatment should be established to generate replicable data for best practices. Governments and regulatory bodies should standardize waste disposal practices by adopting guidelines informed by the latest empirical findings.