Spinel-type high-entropy oxides for enhanced oxygen evolution reaction activity in anion exchange membrane water electrolyzers

• High-entropy oxides-derived oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts. • Optimization of the synthesis strategies and stoichiometry of the metals. • Successful obtention of single-phase spinels with homogeneous metals’ distribution. • Enhanced OER activity and durability in an alkaline electrolyte. • High performance as anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer anodes. Developing efficient and cost-effective approaches to synthesize platinum group metal-free (PGM-free) electrocatalysts with high performance toward the sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is crucial for commercializing anion exchange membrane water electrolyzers (AEMWEs) to produce green hydrogen. Here, we propose a facile method to produce an emergent family of catalysts for the OER at the anode of AEMWEs. Spinel-type high entropy oxides (HEOs) based on Mg, Ni, Co, Mn, and Fe were synthesized by different methods, room-temperature or hydrothermal-assisted coprecipitation, using different coprecipitating agents (NH 3 solution vs . urea) and calcination conditions. Furthermore, HEO composition was tailored by modulating the metal’s stoichiometry. Rietveld refinement and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (HRTEM-EDX), indicated that single-phase HEOs with highly crystalline nanoparticles and homogeneous distribution of the metals were obtained by coprecipitation at room temperatures using NH 3 , combined with the rapid quenching of the HEOs after treatment at 750 °C. Notably, the catalyst’s performance was significantly enhanced (E J10 = 1.62 V vs . RHE), modulating the content of Ni, Co, and Mn, promoting their surface reconstruction and activation during OER with the formation of (oxy)hydroxides. AEMWE single-cell tests were carried out by integrating the optimized HEO as an anode catalyst of a catalyst-coated membrane, using the piperION® as a polymeric membrane and ionomer and Pt/C as a cathode catalyst. A remarkable performance was indicated with a high current density ( J = 1.57 Acm −2 ) at 1.8 V, with a maximum value ( J = 4.14 Acm −2 ) being reached at 2.2 V, outperforming highly active PGM-free catalysts reported in the literature.

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Publication Details

Journal
Chemical Engineering Journal
Published
2025-02-15
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2025.160641
Citations
11
Primary Topic
Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
4.00
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article

Spinel-type high-entropy oxides for enhanced oxygen evolution reaction activity in anion exchange membrane water electrolyzers

Alessandra D’Epifanio, Vincenzo Baglio, Barbara Mecheri, Emanuela Mastronardo et al.
11 citations
Chemical Engineering Journal
Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion
4.00
article

Spinel-type high-entropy oxides for enhanced oxygen evolution reaction activity in anion exchange membrane water electrolyzers

Alessandra D’Epifanio, Vincenzo Baglio, Barbara Mecheri, Emanuela Mastronardo, E. Placidi, Valerio C.A. Ficca, Irene Gatto, Carmelo Lo Vecchio, Williane da Silva Freitas, Erminia Mosca, Manuela Montalto
article en
11 citations

Abstract

• High-entropy oxides-derived oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts. • Optimization of the synthesis strategies and stoichiometry of the metals. • Successful obtention of single-phase spinels with homogeneous metals’ distribution. • Enhanced OER activity and durability in an alkaline electrolyte. • High performance as anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer anodes. Developing efficient and cost-effective approaches to synthesize platinum group metal-free (PGM-free) electrocatalysts with high performance toward the sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is crucial for commercializing anion exchange membrane water electrolyzers (AEMWEs) to produce green hydrogen. Here, we propose a facile method to produce an emergent family of catalysts for the OER at the anode of AEMWEs. Spinel-type high entropy oxides (HEOs) based on Mg, Ni, Co, Mn, and Fe were synthesized by different methods, room-temperature or hydrothermal-assisted coprecipitation, using different coprecipitating agents (NH 3 solution vs . urea) and calcination conditions. Furthermore, HEO composition was tailored by modulating the metal’s stoichiometry. Rietveld refinement and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (HRTEM-EDX), indicated that single-phase HEOs with highly crystalline nanoparticles and homogeneous distribution of the metals were obtained by coprecipitation at room temperatures using NH 3 , combined with the rapid quenching of the HEOs after treatment at 750 °C. Notably, the catalyst’s performance was significantly enhanced (E J10 = 1.62 V vs . RHE), modulating the content of Ni, Co, and Mn, promoting their surface reconstruction and activation during OER with the formation of (oxy)hydroxides. AEMWE single-cell tests were carried out by integrating the optimized HEO as an anode catalyst of a catalyst-coated membrane, using the piperION® as a polymeric membrane and ionomer and Pt/C as a cathode catalyst. A remarkable performance was indicated with a high current density ( J = 1.57 Acm −2 ) at 1.8 V, with a maximum value ( J = 4.14 Acm −2 ) being reached at 2.2 V, outperforming highly active PGM-free catalysts reported in the literature.

Chemical Engineering JournalVol. 507
University of Messina (IT), University of Rome Tor Vergata (IT), Institute for Advanced Energy Technologies (IT), Sapienza University of Rome (IT)
Clean water and sanitation
Openalex Percentile: Top 6%
Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion
4.00
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