Rule by the People - Democracy Through the Prism of Islamic Doctrine

John Locke is a figure in the philosophical firmament of the English Enlightenment, quite well known. But his views were strongly influenced by the teachings of R. Descartes, especially epistemology. Locke showed his extraordinary thinker in many areas of knowledge. His philosophical, political, psychological, pedagogical concepts are known. In particular, he was one of the founders of sensualism. It was John Locke who laid the foundations for democracy, which as a political system exists today in the West and is accepted in many countries of the world, including Muslim ones. Locke's ideas, which he outlined in his work "The Second Treatise of Civil Government", are repeated word for word in the Declaration of Independence and in the current US Constitution: "...all men are created equal...", "life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness...". And although Locke meant only men by the word "men" in his work, this was a great achievement in understanding freedom and political rights in European political thought during the period of strengthening absolute monarchies in the world. In his work on democracy, Locke, like Hobbes, raises the question of the nature of human nature and the concept of a social contract. But unlike Hobbes, Locke says that people in a state of nature are, on the contrary, not selfish and are united with each other2. According to Locke, democracy (Greek: demos kratos – rule by the people) is “…the rule of the majority over the minority, according to laws which have been carefully considered by representatives of the people duly elected for that purpose and published for public information3. That is, the people are the source of laws.