Causes, Signs, Prevention of Thalassemia (Genetic Anemia)

The medical field has revealed many gene diseases to date.One of these diseases is Thalassemia.This scourge was found about 7 thousand years ago.It was discovered for the first time in the countries of the Mediterranean basin.The word thalassemia is derived from the Greek and means Mediterranean anemia .Thalassemia is one of the most common hereditary blood diseases among different genetic diseases and is inherited by both mother and father. Due to the lack of hemoglobin in the body, the function of erythrocytes is impaired.In this case ,erythrocytes are not disc-shaped, but sickle-shaped.Mutations in our genes produce a protein deficiency in the synthesis of hemoglobin, which leads to the occurrence of thalassemia. This protein contained in erythrocytes gives the blood a red color.Hemoglobin originates in the bone marrow , consists of heme and a globilin (protein) chain.. The iron contained in heme has the ability to combine and separate oxygen into itself.Globulin is composed of 2 alpha,2 betta,delta or gamma chains. The cause of the occurrence of thalassemia is the absence or partial presence of one of the chains as a result of mutation.In thalassemia, if the synthesis of the “α” chain of hemoglobin is disrupted, it is called “α” thalassemia, and if the synthesis of the ”β” chain is disrupted, it is called “β” thalassemia.