Offline estimation of power system inertia distribution

In modern power systems, an accurate estimation of the inertia distribution is crucial to maintain stability and reliability. Traditional power systems are dominated by fossil fuel powered resources, which is a threat to climate change. The solution is to transform towards the application of renewable energy sources. The increasing integration of renewable energy sources that are inverter-based resources (IBRs) has led to an uneven inertia distribution, which affects the frequency stability and reliability of the power system. This study addresses the problem of inertia estimation by proposing a novel technique that quantifies inertia at each bus using generator current and synchronizing power coefficient components. This methodology involves reducing the power system network by applying Kron’s reduction theorem to obtain the contribution of the current of each generator to a particular bus and its respective synchronizing power coefficient. The normalized parameters are used to compute an electrical distance parameter, which is then used to obtain bus inertia. The performance and replicability of the proposed formulation are verified using the IEEE 9-Bus and 39-Bus. • Focuses on accurate inertia distribution in modern power systems. • New technique to quantify inertia using generator current and power coefficients. • Method verified using IEEE 9-Bus and 39-Bus test systems. • Helps plan contingencies, improves system stability and reliability.