GIS and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)-Based Solar Energy Suitability Mapping in Palestine

This research aims to develop a solar energy suitability (SES) map for the West Bank, Palestine, considering potential driving factors (criteria). This is particularly crucial due to the increasing population and constraints imposed by reliance on Israeli electrical supplies, which amount to approximately 93%. Nine criteria were selected and used including slope, aspect, hillshade, distance from electric connection points, elevation, distance from roads, distance from built-up areas, land uses, and administrative zones. Geographic Information System (GIS) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) were used to develop the SES map. The study reveals that 41% of the West Bank is highly suitable for solar energy projects (SEPs), while 29% falls into very low to low suitability, and 30% moderately suitable. Notably, Qalqilya and Jenin governorates are highly suitable for SEPs, whereas Ramallah and Jerusalem are the least suitable for SEPs. By intersecting the SES map with the A, B, and C zones of the Oslo Accord, it is evident that approximately 44% of the highly suitable SES areas are located in the A and B zones. This makes expanding SEPs in these areas possible. Additionally, the highly SES areas are mainly located in open space areas, implying that developing SEPs therein is a viable future option. The results of this research will help different stakeholders select potential sites for feasible SEPs in Palestine.