Radio wave-driven enhancement of microbial fuel cells: Converting waste waves to power

Reducing traditional energy sources like petroleum and fossil fuels demands sustainable alternatives. This paper focuses on the potential of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) for electricity generation from wastewater and unused radio waves. MFCs use wastewater as a microbial activity to treat wastewater and produce electricity. On the other hand, unused radio waves are collected with the help of external circuits to harvest the energy and are later integrated into the MFC. This harvested energy can be used partly for the MFC chamber to reactivate inactive microbes and contributes to enhanced power production. The rest of the harvested energy can be stored in the MFCs. This method reduces pollution from radio waves and wastewater, turning them into energy and contributing to environmental sustainability . This is due to the global growth of wireless technologies like RF-based bandwidth devices like Wi-Fi, Bluetooth connections, and cell phone networks. Some other inter-related networks, like ground base towers to satellites or used by defense and airplane industries, contribute to everyday radio signal generations due to their activity increasing electromagnetic pollution . Radio waves between this or higher range of frequency band 900 MHz and 2.4 GHz release invisible and negligible radiation effects on human health, wildlife, and other environmental species. Due to this effect, there has been a downfall in the population of birds and other related species in the last 20 years. The World Health Organization (WHO) categorizes radiofrequency electromagnetic fields as possibly carcinogenic (Group 2B), with human tissue absorbing up to 1.43 × 10⁻² W/kg of 900 MHz signals. Wildlife faces navigation issues, and wastewater pollution degrades ecosystem stress. This paper recommends integrating radio wave sifting into MFCs to increase microbial activity and electron generation by 20–30 %. The additional power (more than 0.3 µW/cm²) can be stored in MFCs, improving system efficiency by 10–15 %. This approach reduces electromagnetic pollution even by enhancing renewable energy and wastewater treatment . • Reviews integration of radio waves and wastewater in MFCs efficiency. • Explores synergy between radio waves and MFC microbial activity. • Evaluate wastewater's dual role in energy and pollutant removal. • Identifies challenges and opportunities for scalable, sustainable MFC applications.