Screen printing of ionic diode arrays for large-area uniform moist-electric generators

Developing moist-electric array device using screen printing technology that meets mass customization, high power output, and wearable capabilities is very attractive for sustainable mobile power. However, the design of sandwich stacked moist-electric array devices and their screen printing patterning manufacturing process are still challenging. Here, we developed a large-scale fine construction strategy for ion diode nano-channels compatible with screen printing process. A single moist-electric device can generate an open circuit voltage of 0.7 V and a short circuit current density of 56.69 μA/cm². After large-area integrated manufacturing, the array can generate an open circuit voltage of 126 V and a short circuit current of 5.47 mA. In addition, compared with the spraying process, the performance deviation between different array units is greatly reduced using the screen printing process, which is the key to ensuring the application of moist-electric technology from a single prototype device to a functional integrated device.