Analysis of Groundwater Temperature in Urban Conditions - the Case of Wrocław, Poland

With increasing urbanization, it is becoming important to study the impact of human activity and climate change on the underground environment, including groundwater temperatures. The subsurface urban heat island (SubUHI) is one of the effects of these changes, which consists in increasing the temperature of soil and groundwater in urban areas. This article analyses groundwater temperatures in Wrocław in 2022–2024. The research was conducted at 19 measurement points. The average groundwater temperature was 12.7°C, with values from 8.9°C to 25.4°C. The highest temperatures were recorded in the city center, and the lowest on its western outskirts. Spatial analysis showed higher temperatures in the city center, related to the influence of underground infrastructure and artificial surfaces. At a depth of 15 meters, the influence of external factors on groundwater temperature disappeared. The results indicate the need for further research on local factors influencing groundwater temperature, which may be important for water resource management in cities.