Occurrence of Urinary Tract Infection in Patients after Kidney Transplantation

Introduction: The Brazilian Society of Nephrology estimates that approximately 10 million people in Brazil had chronic kidney disease in 2019. In 2022, 5,303 kidney transplants were performed in the country, with the city of Juiz de Fora standing out as one of the largest reference centers for kidney transplants. Objectives: The objective of this study is to evaluate the occurrence of urinary tract infections in post-transplant patients, as well as the type of infection. Methods: This is a retrospective quantitative cross-sectional study in which data from the medical records of patients who underwent kidney transplantation from 2019 to 2022 were analyzed. Results: Of a total of 537 kidney transplants performed during this period, 64 urinary tract infections associated with urinary catheters were observed in the first 30 days post-transplantation, with a higher incidence in the first 5 days. Most of the microorganisms observed belong to the human microbiota, indicating that the cause may be related to catheterization, the hospital environment, or the patient. The infections observed are caused by bacteria resistant to the antibiotics trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole, such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp., and Serratia sp. Conclusion: The study indicates that it is necessary to improve the handling of the patients and materials to reduce infections, mainly due to the high degree of antibiotic resistance of the microorganisms observed.