NEW DIAGNOSTIC BIOMARKERS FOR EARLY STAGES OF CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA

Currently, the diagnosis of early stages of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) is one of the most challenging tasks in dermatology. This review is devoted to the analysis of new immunohistochemical (IHC) markers that could be considered diagnostic for the detection of CTCL, as well as potential targets for targeted therapy of the disease. The aim of this review was to determine and summarize new promising biomarkers that are not currently used for the diagnosis of early stages of CTCL. Material and methods: the analysis and systematization of scientific literature over the past 5 years was carried out in the PubMed database using the search algorithm: “cutaneous T-cell lymphoma” AND (“immunohistochem” OR “IHC” OR “expression”). Results. All found biomarkers were divided into 3 groups: • Tumor progression markers: OX40 и OX40L, ICOS, TOX, GATA-3, TSP-1, CD47, YKL-40, IKZF2, E-FABP, CXCR4, CD69, HSPA1A, ZFP36, TXNIP and IL7R; • Differential diagnostic markers: STAT4, YKL-40, BCL11B, CD70, hBD-2 and psoriasin; • Tumor microenvironment markers: IL-10, PD-L1, FAP-α, CD69, granzyme B, NKp46, TIM3, CD57 and LAG3. Conclusion. The most promising marker to diagnose the early stages is YKL-40 since it can serve as both a prognostic and differential diagnostic marker.