Sensitization profile of adult patients with allergic bronchial asthma in the Rostov region

Introduction. Bronchial asthma is a heterogeneous disease involving different phenotypes. The allergic phenotype is the most studied model of asthma. Identification of causally significant allergens by determining allergen-specific IgE is the key to precision medicine in allergy. Microchip technology makes it possible to analyze the molecular profiles of sensitization of patients with allergies, identify major allergens, and develop personalized approaches to allergenic immunotherapy. Objective: to evaluate the sensitization profile in adult patients with allergic bronchial asthma in the Rostov region of southern Russia using molecular allergodiagnostics. Material and methods. In an open multicenter retrospective cohort non-randomized study, individual maps of 166 adult patients with a verified diagnosis of bronchial asthma who underwent molecular allergodiagnostics using the Allergy Explorer 2 (ALEX2) allergochip method were analyzed. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using the Microsoft Office Excel 2010 and Statistica 10.0 for Windows software package. Results. According to the results of the study, polysensitization prevails among adult patients with an allergic asthma phenotype, and the leading value of pollen sensitization has been established. The dominant, clinically significant pollen allergens in 100% of cases are weeds (in 41.0% of the examined), among which the major allergen ambrosia Amb a 1 (43.98%) prevails, followed by wormwood Art v 1 (23.49%). In most cases, tree pollen determines subclinical sensitization in 77.7% of patients and causally significant in only 22.3%. The high frequency of sensitization to cross-reactive molecules causes IgE-mediated reactions to plant products (fruits [43.4%], nuts [30.7%]), latex [21.7%]). Conclusion. The study allowed us to establish the spectrum of sensitization of adult patients with allergic asthma phenotype, revealed the predominant causally significant role of weed pollen allergens in the development of seasonal pollen allergy in the Rostov region, determined the causally significant major molecules of pollen sensitization, which is important for the correct selection of patients for allergenic immunotherapy in the future.