Changes in the World Geopolitical Order and the Reconfiguration of Productive Systems: The Mexican Case

This article examines the geopolitical shifts and economic transformations over the past five decades, emphasizing the decline of US hegemony, the rise of China as a global leader, and the impacts on global value chains. The analysis focuses on Mexico’s role within North American economic integration amidst the transition from neoliberal globalization to regionalized production. It explores how nearshoring strategies, driven by geopolitical imperatives and supply chain disruptions, reshape Mexico’s economy. Infrastructure projects like the Maya Train and Trans-Isthmus Train aim to leverage Mexico’s geographic advantages and attract investment. However, challenges persist, including dependence on imported inputs, low domestic value-added, and regional disparities. The study highlights the potential of nearshoring to drive economic development while cautioning against perpetuating dependency and inequality. Ultimately, Mexico’s success hinges on coordinated strategies that balance national development and regional integration within evolving geopolitical dynamics.