Study on the Correlation Between the Preservation Status of Mountain Ancient Buildings, Wind Environment, and Protection Methods — A Case Study of the Rock Temples on Wudang Mountain

The preservation condition of historical buildings is closely related to their ventilation environment. This study focuses on the rock temples in Wudang Mountain, specifically comparing the ventilation conditions of Yinxian Rock and Huayang Rock. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) The main wind direction at Yinxian Rock aligns with its orientation, which is an easterly wind, while Huayang Rock experiences a westerly wind, deviating from its southwestern entrance; (2) Huayang Rock has significantly lower wind speeds compared to Yinxian Rock, with minimal airflow; (3) The surrounding environment of Huayang Rock features steep terrain, dense tree cover, and the presence of railings and other structures that impede wind entry into the cave, whereas Yinxian Rock is surrounded by fewer trees and has a flat terrain; (4) In terms of cave morphology, Yinxian Rock is completely open on the east side, while Huayang Rock’s opening accounts for only half of its area and is not directly aligned with the rock temple. In summary, Huayang Rock’s ventilation environment is inferior to that of Yinxian Rock, leading to more severe pathologies. It is inferred that Huayang Rock’s preservation issues are closely related to its poor ventilation environment. Therefore, improving its ventilation conditions is crucial for preventive conservation. Using environmental simulation, this study compares the ventilation conditions of Huayang Rock under different wind directions and speeds, identifies the two most ideal scenarios, and proposes several feasible solutions.