Platelet count variability in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: implication for haematopoietic system health

Introduction: Platelet count variability and indices are critical markers in assessing haematopoietic system health during chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. Chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia (CIT) poses a risk of bleeding and delays treatment. This study evaluated platelet count changes during chemotherapy and their implications for haematopoietic health.To analyze platelet count variability in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and identify factors influencing haematopoietic system health. Materials and Methods: This prospective study recruited 100 female breast cancer patients aged 21–60 years undergoing chemotherapy at RSUTH. Participant's demographics were recorded. Platelet parameters, including platelet counts (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), and plateletcrit (PCT), were measured pre-chemotherapy (control and baseline) and after the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd chemotherapy cycles. Statistical significance was set at p< 0.05 Results: Most participants (48%) were aged 31-40 years, and 69% were at stage III cancer. Chemotherapy 9 significantly altered platelet indices. PLT increased from the control (179 ± 75.58 x 109 /L) to baseline (264 ± 103.4 x 109 /L) and showed variability across cycles (1st : 272.0 ± 142.6 x 109 /L, 2nd : 247 ± 142.6 x109 /L, 3rd :259.1 ± 109.3 x 109 /L; p = 0.001). MPV declined steadily (control: 9.5 ± 1.0 fL to 8.1 ± 0.6 fL by the 3rd cycle; p=0.032). PDW increased significantly (control: 16.3 ± 2.0% to 19.4 ± 3.5% by the 3rd cycle; p = 0.022). PCT showed a consistent decline (control: 0.30 ± 0.05% to 0.20 ± 0.03% by the 3rd cycle; p = 0.034). Conclusion: Chemotherapy significantly affects platelet parameters in breast cancer patients, potentially indicating altered haematopoietic function. Monitoring these indices is vital for optimizing patient care and mitigating risks associated with treatment.