Predictive analysis of lipidome patterns in gestational diabetes mellitus risk assessment

RESEARCH LETTER Lipid predictors of gestational diabetes mellitus 1 with special emphasis on lipoprotein distribution, NCSs, and sphingolipids. Patients and methods Study participantsThis longitudinal study was a part of a larger research project HI -MOM (High -density lipoprotein metabolome research to improve pregnancy outcome).It involved 2 cohorts of pregnant women who received prenatal care at the Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic "Narodni Front" in Belgrade, Serbia, recruited at the beginning of pregnancy and followed -up until delivery. 9The first cohort included pregnant women without a prior risk for pregnancy complications, while the second comprised women with prepregnancy risk of preeclampsia in accordance with the guidelines established by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. 10Routine assessment was carried out in each trimester, that is, 11-13, 20-23, and 28-32 weeks of gestation.In this study, we used only the first trimester data.Finally, 25 women with GDM and 102 women with uncomplicated pregnancies were included in the analysis.The diagnosis of GDM was made according to the criteria defined by the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups. 11In the GDM group, 48% of the patients developed other pregnancy complications alongside GDM (5 cases of gestational hypertension, 6 of preeclampsia, and 3 of intrauterine growth restriction; Supplementary material, Table S1).Detailed demographic data, medical history, data on medication use and vitamin supplementation, presence of chronic diseases before pregnancy, smoking status, alcohol intake, and family history of cardiovascular diseases and DM were collected upon recruitment.The body mass index (BMI, kg/m 2 ) was calculated at each study point.A complete laboratory assessment, along