RESILIENCE STRENGTHENING OF CULTURAL HERITAGE OBJECTS TO CLIMATE CHANGES IN MODERN CITY CENTERS BY MEANS OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE

The article is focused on the issue of climate change mitigation and strin Englishthening the sustainability of cultural heritage objects, taking into account the specifics of the landscape organization of buffer zones, which perform not only the function of their protection in the middle of modern cities, but also function as public spaces. The purpose of the article is to identify threats to climate change for cultural heritage objects and to justify the effectiveness of methods of landscape organization of their buffer zones in order to strin Englishthen the stability of these objects. The article uses a systematic approach, methods of generalization and analogies, empirical and comparative analysis. The research revealed the specifics of the functioning of the "active surface" of the city and its non-urban territories, which is caused by the "two-phase mechanism" of the formation of "urban heat islands" (the direction of heat flows depends on the location of underlying surfaces in space with the contrast of temperatures and time of day - morning/afternoon or evening/night). The results of research on remote sensing of the Earth's surface and satellite monitoring of the thermal environment of cities have been systematized and summarized; factors and conditions for the emergence of "urban heat islands" over cities in temperate zones (Birmingham, Brno, Budapest, Bucharest, Warsaw, Kyiv, Prague) and "urban cool islands" over cities in zones with hot and arid climates (Abu Dhabi, Acre, El Kuwait, Cairo, Casablanca, Singapore, Shanghai). The results of studies of the "thermal behavior" of urban surfaces indicate that the formation of "cool oases" in the summer is caused by the prolonged shading of "urban canyons" in the desert and the cooling effect of the urban (due to shading, landscaping and watering of the territory) and natural breeze in the coastal zone. By analogy with the formation of oases of coolness in the desert, landscape means of strin Englishthening the climate change resistance of cultural heritage sites (as well as public spaces) during the summer overheating of modern cities, there may be additional "mobile" and "stationary" landscaping and watering of urban surfaces, such as "Flower carpets of Brussels," sometimes even with fountains; "blue-green" roofs of Amsterdam, "The Vertical Garden" of Paris and Madrid, "green facades" of Kyiv. The practical value of the study is the ability to take into account its results when developing scientifically sound adaptive-regulatory programs to mitigate the effects of climate change and enhance the sustainability of cultural heritage sites.