PRINCIPLES OF "INTERCONNECTION OF SOCIAL AND PHYSICAL" AND "PHYSICAL DENSITY" IN THE FORMATION OF CITY PUBLIC SPACES

The analysis of city public spaces confirms the need to consider them as an integral city-forming system, the organization of which is based on specific principles (general - "inclusiveness", "multifunctionality", "comfort (quality)", "hierarchy", "contextuality", "public openness"; special - ("transformativity", "functional diversity", "interconnection of social and physical", "physical density", "historical continuity") and techniques that reveal them. There is a need to create methodological and practical recommendations on the physical and functional content of various types of open public spaces in cities for their activation, attraction of people and comfortable stay in them, taking into account the world experience of their functional and spatial organization. The principle of the "interconnection of the social and physical" implies a close relationship, projection, and the greatest possible correspondence between the physical and social space of cities. It can be revealed through the following techniques: "creation of adaptive space (volume - open space)"; "development of underground space". The principle of "physical density" provides a comfortable placement of many different functions in one limited physical space for a person and can be revealed by the following methods: "changing the function with the help of a fine-mesh structure of infill elements"; "combining external and internal (open and closed) spaces". The use of the proposed principles and the techniques that reveal them help in the functional and spatial organization of open public spaces in cities, as well as their development as a combination of physical and social space in cities. In order to strengthen these principles, it will be advisable to use them with other general and special principles. The article provides recommendations on the use of these principles in the formation of open public spaces in cities, which are described in more detail on the examples of the organization of parks and recreational areas in Kyiv, which were independently developed by the author.