Role of Gut Microbiome in Chronic Diseases

Gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis has adverse health effects on the human body, leading to various chronic diseases.The underlying mechanisms of GM on human diseases are incredibly complicated.Whether these relations underlie causal effects in humans remains to be established.In the last two decades, considerable interest has been shown in understanding the development of the gut microbiota and its internal and external effects on the intestine, as well as the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as metabolic syndrome.The intestinal microbiota plays a pivotal role in human health and disease.Recent studies revealed that the gut microbiota can affect the host body.The realization of this latter action of the microbiota has altered the concept of pharmaceuticalmicrobiota interactions, shifting the influencer role from medicines to an appreciation of microbiome-medicine interplay.This review systematically summarizes the effect of gut microbiota and their bacterial metabolites on the development of chronic diseases.An imbalance in gut microbiota can also increase susceptibility to diseases.