A Novel Fair Frame Time Slot LoRaWAN Internet of Things

The technologies underpinning low-power wide-area networks (LPWANs) play a crucial role in IoT applications because they fulfil the four major facets that afford successful IoT deployments: long-range, free frequency ISM bands, low-cost, and low energy consumption. Industrial and academic sectors alike have shown keen interest in LoRaWAN technology due to its networking independence and open standard specification among LPWAN options. In spite of this, LoRaWAN has a scaling difficulty when it comes to supporting a large number of devices. This challenge arises from the increased collision risk that is inherent in its Aloha-based physical layer. The performance deteriorates further when some devices use their energy sooner than others, owing to the disparate allocation of spreading factors, hence reducing the network's lifetime. This article presents a novel fair frame scheduling method for allocating service functions to nodes in six parallel frames distributed timely on six frequency band channels with the objective of minimising total data collection time while adhering to radio duty cycle constraints. The result shows that fair frame FF -LoRa minimizes the time of maximum frame (Time a round) to approximately 25%, which makes the farthest device more power efficient and leads to enhancement of the network lifespan.